Reliance on Daily Calendar for Determining Times for Prayers

This research is entitled “Reliance on Daily Calendar for Determining Times for Prayers”. Its main objective is to shed light on the old and modern conceptualization of jurisprudents concerning this research topic, with their different jurisprudence schools and inclinations, based on evidences from the Holy Qur'an and the Suna and through relying on Quranic verses and the prophet's sayings, to present and provide a review of both the old and modern conceptualization to determine which is more accurate than the other concerning this problematic jurisprudence issue.
At the end of this research, I found out that people in all places and destinations rely on counting time using sand, water and other similar means in case the sun is hidden because of clouds. If relying on both sand and water for determining time become widespread because of not being able to rely on the sun to determine the most accurate time of the daily prayers, this practice becomes a common habit. Accordingly, it became a habit to determine the times of the five daily prayers based on this perspective. Finally, this research ends with a conclusion that included the most significant findings, and I concluded this research with a list of the most important references and sourcebooks.