Courts witnesses in Rome during the last century of the Republican era

Document Type : Original Article

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Abstract

The research deals with the subject of "courts witnesses in Rome during the last century of the Republican era", to identify the role of court witnesses as the basic evidence that the parties to the dispute resorted to in Rome during the last century of the Republican era, and the conditions that must be met by the witness (testis) to testify in court, and the process of summoning court witnesses, their number, their rights, duties, and protection, and their living expenses and transportation from their homes to the court's headquarters, and the procedures for their testimony in court, and taking an oath from them, and the role of the parties to the dispute and lawyers in directing them, interrogating them, challenging their testimonies, and rejecting them, and the judge's authority to assess their testimony, and revealing false witnesses in courts, and the penalties imposed on them by law.

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