Air temperature and soil in the Kharga oases - a study in applied climatology: using Geomatics techniques

Document Type : Original Article

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1 مدرس الجغرافيا الطبيعية ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية والاستشعار عن بعد بقسم الجغرافيا ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية - كلية الآداب - جامعة جنوب الوادي

2 مدرس الجغرافيا البيئية ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية والاستشعار عن بعد بقسم الجغرافيا ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية كلية الآداب - جامعة جنوب الوادي

Abstract

The Kharga Oasis depression is one of the depressions of the Western Desert in Egypt. The depression is distinguished by its longitudinal shape, as it extends between latitudes 30' 24° and 00' 26° north, and longitudes 50' 29° and 55' 30° east. Thus, it follows the dry, hot desert climate (BWh) according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system. The depression is considered one of the hottest regions in Egypt with an annual temperature rate of (24.6°C) and humidity is low. It is the least humid region in Egypt with an annual relative humidity rate of (37.9%) and the least rainy with a total annual rainfall of less than (1 mm), due to its Astronomical, continental location, and its Earth's surface nature
The depression is characterized by its rich natural resources, the most important of these resources are soil and water, which has made agriculture the human activity there. However, the extreme climatic conditions of the depression, which are represented by high temperatures, severe drought, and winds stirring up sand and dust, in addition to the presence of sand in its various forms as the main cover of The earth's surface in the depression and its surrounding areas. It has led to the emergence of many problems facing water and soil and affecting their quality.
Geographic information systems and remote sensing techniques have been applied in the geographic assessment of the various climate elements in the depression and the analysis of problems and risks related to them on the natural resources in the depression (water and soil). These were represented by the extreme rise in temperatures, which resulted in an increase in the amount of evaporation and thus high rates of salt deposition in the soil and their appearance on the surface. Its surface, as field work revealed the presence of the phenomenon of soil salinization in most parts of the depression. This is in addition to the hydrological drought in the depression and the high-water needs (water budget) of agricultural crops in the depression because of the increased amount of evaporation and rain scarcity, which increases soil salinization and affects agricultural plants in the depression.

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