Etiquette of Inquiry and Argumentation (Ādāb al-Baḥth wa al-Munāẓarah) from the Perspective of Contemporary Orientalism: Larry Miller and Walter Young as Case Studies

The present study aims to investigate the etiquette of inquiry and argumentation (Ādāb al-baḥth wa al-Munāẓarah) from the perspective of contemporary orientalism by examining selected data by two from among the most important orientalists specialized in the etiquettes of inquiry and argumentation: Larry Miller and Walter Young. The study provides biographical sketches of both writers, and investigates their approaches to studying etiquette of inquiry and argumentation. The study concluded that: 1) their approaches are particularly significant as they prove the originality of the discipline of inquiry and argumentation in the Arab scholarly heritage; 2) they rely on interdisciplinary studies, including, Islamic philosophy, logic, theology, jurisprudence and principles of  Islamic jurisprudence; 3) they have classified the history of this discipline in terms of its theological and jurisprudential schools; 4) they relied on classical Arabic literature; 5) their studies have revealed orientalist works on Islamic philosophy and logic; 6) contemporary orientalist studies increasingly and passionately focus on studying the Islamic scholarly heritage and exploring its potentials to develop modern sciences; 7) contemporary orientalist studies in Islamic scholarly heritage contributed to the establishment of research centers for training on the ethics of dialogue, effective communication and respect for others; 8) they also contributed to the preparation of training packages and specialized workshops on the etiquette of inquiry and argumentation to train software engineers on the ethics of dialogue and debate, and how to apply them to modern technological systems such as artificial intelligence applications, and the use of superior artificial intelligence and deep learning to program robots to simulate the human mind and even excel in debate and formulating arguments and adhering to the ethics of dialogue and debate.