Taxes in Egypt during the Ptolemaic era were one of the cornerstones of the Ptolemaic economy. Therefore, the Ptolemies imposed numerous taxes on taxpayers in Egypt during that period. Among these taxes is the natron tax, the subject of this study. This study examines the natron tax in Egypt during the Ptolemaic era. The study aims to investigate the sources of revenue from the natron tax, its payment amount, its collection mechanism, and its relationship to other taxes. To achieve these objectives, the study begins with a study of the taxes imposed on natron in ancient Egypt, followed by a brief overview of natron in Egypt during the Ptolemaic era, the term natron tax in documents dating back to the Ptolemaic era, its first appearance in the Ptolemaic tax system, its sources of revenue, the authority responsible for its collection, its value, the currency in which it was paid, the connection of the natron tax to the beer tax, its relationship to Egyptian temples, tax arrears related to the natron tax, complaints from natron tax collectors, the failure of natron tax collectors to fulfill their tax obligations to the state, and the latest documentary references to the natron tax in Egypt during the Ptolemaic era.
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